The phases of the cycle
Evaporation
In the hydrological cycle, evaporation is the process by which water transitions from liquid to vapor as it absorbs heat energy from the sun. This occurs primarily from the surfaces of oceans, lakes, rivers, and even moist soil. The water vapor then rises into the atmosphere, where it may later condense to form clouds and eventually lead to precipitation, completing the cycle.
Condensation
Condensation is a phase in the hydrological cycle where water vapor in the atmosphere transforms back into liquid water. This process occurs when the air containing water vapor cools down, causing the vapor to condense into tiny water droplets or ice crystals. These droplets or crystals then come together to form clouds. Condensation is a crucial step in the cycle, leading to the eventual release of water through precipitation.
Precipitation
Precipitation in the hydrological cycle refers to the release of water from the atmosphere in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail. This occurs when condensed water droplets or ice crystals in clouds combine and become heavy enough to fall to the Earth's surface. Precipitation is a key component of the water cycle, replenishing water sources on the ground and contributing to the flow of rivers and streams.
Infiltration
Infiltration is a process in the hydrological cycle where precipitation or water on the ground's surface is absorbed into the soil. This water then moves downward through the soil layers, eventually reaching the groundwater reservoir. Infiltration is a crucial mechanism that replenishes underground water sources and contributes to the overall balance of the water cycle.
Runoff
Runoff is a component of the hydrological cycle where excess water, from sources such as precipitation or melting snow, flows over the land surface rather than infiltrating into the soil. This water then travels over the ground, eventually reaching rivers, lakes, or the ocean. Runoff plays a vital role in shaping landscapes and is an important factor in the movement of water within the Earth's hydrolog.
Transpiration
Transpiration is a process in the
hydrological cycle where plants absorb water through their roots and release it
into the atmosphere as water vapor through small openings in their leaves
called stomata. This contributes to the overall moisture in the air and is
often considered a component of the larger water cycle. Transpiration, along
with evaporation, helps regulate the movement of water between the Earth's
surface and the atmosphere